A Brief Study on Toyotas Operation and Total Quality...

Operation and Total Quality Management Question 1 The company I chose is Toyota Motor Corporation (Lexus). (i) Goods and service design (product) This operation management decision is about deciding what type of goods or service to provide to customers and also how to design these products and services to appeal to the targeted customers. Toyota Lexus has to come to a conclusion on the type of cars they should manufacture. For example, should the car be high end or affordable? They need to decide a focus point which is whether the brand Lexus should appeal to the normal working class or swinging bachelors or rich entrepreneurs. This important factor needs to be carefully pondered over as it will affect the rest of the production and†¦show more content†¦This means that the modules or parts will reach them faster and it also means faster assembly. Hence, the speed and efficiency of the manufacturing facilities of the Lexus IS also means that customer do not have to wait for a long time for the delivery of their vehicle. Toyota has dealers in many countries, having dealers in every continent and region of this international company help them to response quickly to meet their customers’ needs. The availability of dealers is an advantage to Toyota as this means convenience to customers. The convenience and availability of the Lexus IS will encourage more people to buy the car instead of buying from other car manufacturers. In addition, if there are any problems with the product, customers can refer to the nearest Toyota service centers for help with no delay due to geographical limitations or any language barrier. Layout design Toyota uses a work cell layout for production efficiency. Work cell layout arranges machinery and equipment to focus on production of a single product or a group of related products. Toyota is a multi-national corporation; hence there is always a steady demand of their products. As an automobile manufacturer, quality is objective and hence using machines and equipment in a work cell layout to make products ensure standardization and uniform quality. ToyotaShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Lean Production On A Process Plant Essay1138 Words   |  5 Pagesprominent in discrete, repetitive assembly-type operations. Liker suggests that the goals of lean production are highest quality, lowest cost, and shortest lead-time. Lean production can be considered as a philosophy and as a set of tools and practices for the continuous improvement of operations. 2. Brief History of Lean Production In order to understand lean production system, it is important to understand it in its historical perspective first. 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Interracial Sexuality Free Essays

The film The Birth of A Nation, produced in 1915, is well known for both its new and inventive ways of filming and its extremely racist views. One of the many topics covered by the movie was the idea of interracial sexuality. Interracial sexuality was not spoken of much in the time period of the movie, so it was considered to be particularly risque. We will write a custom essay sample on Interracial Sexuality or any similar topic only for you Order Now The movie itself portrayed the subject as the cause of downfall for many a white man, and also the result of overly sexual black men attempting to rape â€Å"innocent† white women (Griffith 1915). The movie portrayed a fantasy about interracial sexuality in the scenes involving Flora, a young white woman, and Gus, a black Captain in the US Army (Griffith 1915). Gus is looking for a wife, and he assumes that Flora will want to marry him despite their different races (Griffith 1915). It turns into only a fantasy for him, because she will not think of marrying him. She runs up a steep cliff to get away from him, only to fall to her death (Griffith 1915). One may presume that she thought he would rape her, and so she fell, or perhaps jumped, to avoid the shame of an interracial sexual encounter. Anxiety over interracial sexuality appears when another young white woman, Elsie, is almost forced into an interracial marriage by Silas Lynch, a mulatto man (Griffith 1915). He is determined to marry a white woman, and Elsie is the one that he wants (Griffith 1915). His kidnapping and near marriage to her demonstrates the fears that white people had about sexual black men coming to take their women away. In general, The Birth of A Nation fed off of the feelings of the United States at the time of its release. It was released only fifty years after the Civil War, and tensions were extraordinarily high between white people and the freed black people. Interracial sexuality was a great fear for those who wanted the races to stay separate and unequal, and that is why the topic played a large part in The Birth of A Nation. Works Cited Griffith, D. W. The Birth of A Nation. 1915. How to cite Interracial Sexuality, Papers

Dementia for Visual and Biological Needs- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Dementia for Visual and Biological Needs. Answer: Introduction Dementia is a neurodegenerative disorder that occurs mostly in the older adults due to the death of the nerve cells due to several factors. The dementia care is a significant growing health care need with the growing aged population. There are almost no pharmacological treatments for dementia and management of dementia mainly involves enhancing the mood and cognition of the patient, helping them in social engagement and fostering a safe environment for them. The key strategy to manage dementia in patients includes regular monitoring of the patient's health and cognition and initiation of the pharmacologic and the non pharmacological treatment. Apart from all these there are several environmental modifications that can bring about better cognitive outcomes in patients (Chaudhury et al. 2013, p. 223-229). Poor sleep quality and falls are some of the problems faced by the elderly suffering from dementia. People with dementia needs more light as the as people grow older the visual capaci ty of the eye changes and more light is required for the visual functions. Hence my chosen topic of research would be light, and how it impacts on the patient's care. The rationale for this topic will be evidenced by a literature review followed by a plan of action. A summary statement will be provided describing about the achievements after the evaluation of the interventions followed by a succinct conclusion. Literature review Chong et al.(2013, p. 565) have stated the adequate lighting have a positive impact on people suffering from dementia, as it has a positive impact on the biological clock and sleep patterns of the older adults with dementia. Absence of adequate light can cause confusion in the daily routine and reduces the activity and the alertness and in turn increases the frequency of the daytime napping. If the right quantity of light enters the retina then it can synchronize the cardiac rhythms to the 24 hours day and night cycle (Bedrosian et al. 2012). This is referred to as the non visual system. Circadian disruption might occur if the indoor lightings are not dark enough or of the appropriate color for activating the circadian system (Baird et al. 2012, p.988). Biodynamic lighting has been found to enhance the perceptual, visual and biological needs of the older patients with dementia as they help them to stay independent in their homes and contributing to the better quality of life (Fonken and Nelson 2014, p. 667-669). Researches regarding light and health have shown that biological lighting that mimics natural lighting can has a high beneficial effect on the physiological, biological and the psychological well being of people with dementia (Bedrosian et al. 2013, p.988). Biodynamic lighting can not only reduce the running cost but can also help to maintain healthy bones. Increase of the visual fictions will help to reduce trips and falls in the older adults (Fonken and Nelson 2014,p. 667-669). Although nothing is as useful as natural day light, natural daylight is always not feasible for the persons living in the indoors. Illuminating the indoors pose a threat from the point of environment sustainability and energy consumption. Proper utilization of the lightings can use less energy and result in cooling energy saving for the buildings (Ellis et al.2014). In the architectural design the main challenge in to provide the daylight or mimic the daylight using the artificial light sources and ensuring that color temperature change and the lighting levels sync with the nature's rhythm (Chong et al. 2013, p.565). The timing of the light and the wavelength of the light absorbed by the body are the two most important factors for the biological effect. Circadian rhythms are normally regulated by the exposure of the body towards the blue and the green spectrum (Ellis et al. 2014,p. 223-245). At noon there is a high intensity of the blue light region, the late afternoon provides the r ed and the orange light and as the sun sets it becomes dark (Coogan et al. 2012. p. 333-339). According to Coogan et al. (2013. p. 333-339) blue light triggers the level of serotonin in the body that increases the cognitive performance and alertness. According to Ellis et al.(2014,p. 224-245) the emergence of the chronobio-engineering can actually provide a new paradigm in the field of health care sciences. The main aim is to manage the symptoms of dementia by considering the attention of the patient, changing the vision due to the ageing eye, limited mobility and wandering due to the Alzheimers diseases, limited mobility and the effects of sun downing and wandering (Bedrosian and Nelson 2013).According to Figueiro et al. (2013.p. 1527) bright light therapy in dementia patient improves the cognitive function as it is related to increased scores in the mental state examination, used for measuring the cognitive status. According to Ellis et al. (2014) bright light therapy involves the exposure of the patient to about 10,000 lux of light. Figueiro et al. (2013. p.1527.) have stated that bright light can also improve the posture stability and control. He has stated that strips of LED place around the door frames can decrease the risk of falls. All these facts provide a strong rationale for the choice of modifications for people suffering from dementia. Discussion The aim was to regulate stimulation, maximize the orientation, to increase the sense of safety and autonomy in patients, to regulate the circadian cycles and maintaining the biological clock, to improve the behavioral functioning in the patient and improve the cognitive status in patients with dementia, to increase the visual functioning in the patients and avoid slips and falls. The plan of action involved the fixtures of automated LED lights and light colored shades in the living room. Dementia patients often suffer from sun-downing. I have found that bright light in the living room had brought about a decrease in the anxiety and depression among the people with dementia. It had also been found that bright light reduces the symptoms of sun-downing and have decreased the risk of night wandering and daytime napping. It has been found that there is direct linkage between bright light and circadian rhythm. My interventions have brought about a regulated circadian rhythm in the people. Auto tuning day lights has been effective in creating a more naturalistic environment and improve the cognitive functioning in patients. The color rendition of these LED lights is auto tuned for the older adults. It can dim itself to the red spectrum for allowing the residents to go to sleep and provide illumination levels to the caregivers to continue working. The arrangement have been made in such a way such that the schedule slowly increases the lighting levels for the rest of the day for improving the visual activity and the light intensity slows down such that it sets to a low level "red" during the nighttime hours. The bright light set in the community and the corridors have decreased the risk of slips and other sentinel events related to the dementia patients. Conclusion The evaluation strategies could prove that changes in the lighting designs can improve the quality of life of the dementia patients by fostering a safe environment for them and providing an ideal working environment for the caregivers. This idea of modification in the external environment can be disseminated to the other caregivers or the supervisors or the managers such that they can arrange things like automated lighting with the sensory motors as that has to be done in presence of the technicians. The idea of effective lighting can be disseminated through social media, one on one interview with the stake holders, group discussion with peers, newsletters and leaflets. Oral presentation during group discussion can be an effective method of dissemination. During my course of action, it became really difficult on my part to implement the automated lights. On my next venture I would like to work with the implementation of signs for improving the dwelling of the dementia patients. Recommendation Fixtures of florescent lights in the corridors and the washrooms. Using high lux levels and use of transitional lights between the rooms to avoid sudden light change. Use of diffuse lighting and indirect lighting to avoid the glare. Color of the furniture in the dwelling room should be in high contrast. The color rendition should be high to differentiate objects. References Baird, A.L., Coogan, A.N., Siddiqui, A., Donev, R.M. and Thome, J., 2012. Adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is associated with alterations in circadian rhythms at the behavioural, endocrine and molecular levels. Molecular psychiatry, 17(10), p.988. Bedrosian, T.A. and Nelson, R.J., 2013. Sundowning syndrome in aging and dementia: research in mouse models. Experimental neurology, 243, pp.67-73. Chaudhury, H., Cooke, H. and Frazee, K., 2013. Developing a physical environmental evaluation component of the Dementia Care Mapping (DCM) Tool. Environmental gerontology: Making meaningful places in old age, pp.153-174. Chong, M.S., Tan, K.T., Tay, L., Wong, Y.M. and Ancoli-Israel, S., 2013. Bright light therapy as part of a multicomponent management program improves sleep and functional outcomes in delirious older hospitalized adults. Clinical interventions in aging, 8, p.565. Coogan, A.N., Schutov, B., Husung, S., Furczyk, K., Baune, B.T., Kropp, P., Hler, F. and Thome, J., 2013. The circadian system in Alzheimers disease: disturbances, mechanisms, and opportunities. Biological psychiatry, 74(5), pp.333-339. Ellis, E.V., Gonzalez, E.W., Kratzer, D.A., McEachron, D.L. and Yeutter, G., 2014, March. Auto-tuning daylight with LEDs: sustainable lighting for health and wellbeing. In ARCC Conference Repository. Figueiro, M.G., Plitnick, B.A., Lok, A., Jones, G.E., Higgins, P., Hornick, T.R. and Rea, M.S., 2014. Tailored lighting intervention improves measures of sleep, depression, and agitation in persons with Alzheimers disease and related dementia living in long-term care facilities. Clinical interventions in aging, 9, p.1527. Fonken, L.K. and Nelson, R.J., 2014. The effects of light at night on circadian clocks and metabolism. Endocrine reviews, 35(4), pp.648-670. Garre?Olmo, J., Lpez?Pousa, S., Turon?Estrada, A., Juviny, D., Ballester, D. and Vilalta?Franch, J., 2012. Environmental determinants of quality of life in nursing home residents with severe dementia. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 60(7), pp.1230-1236. Hanford, N. and Figueiro, M., 2013. Light therapy and Alzheimer's disease and related dementia: past, present, and future. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 33(4), pp.913-922. Lin, C.C. and Huang, Y.C., 2012. Exploration of Long-Term Care Institution Managers' Perceptions of Institutional Indoor Environment Quality and Ease of Administration. Care Management Journals, 13(3), p.121. Zhou, Q.P., Jung, L. and Richards, K.C., 2012. The management of sleep and circadian disturbance in patients with dementia. Current neurology and neuroscience reports, 12(2), pp.193-204.